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NUPROSHIP I (2023-2024)
RESEARCH
NUPROSHIP I (2023-2024)

The NuProship I project (Nuclear Propulsion for Merchant Ships I), proposed by Professor Jan Emblemsvåg as the Principal Investigator of NTNU (Norwegian University of Science and Technology) in Norway—the Project's Coordinating Entity—within an international consortium including other partners such as ENIDH, was submitted in 2022 to the NRC (Norwegian Research Council) for funding and was approved for a two-year execution period (2023-2024).


The researchers from the Infante D. Henrique Maritime College (ENIDH) were Professors Luís Baptista (Principal Investigator), Pedro Teodoro, and Sandrina Pereira.

The project's main objective was to analyze the most important Generation IV nuclear reactor types for maritime (merchant) propulsion, as well as reactor systems, waste handling, ship systems and design, crew training, safety, and ship operation, among other relevant aspects.

The Consortium
  • NTNU - Norwegian University of Science and Technology (Norway) - (coordinator)
  • Knutsen O.A.S Shipping AS (Norway)
  • Nyhill Shipping & Trading AS (Norway)
  • IDOM (Spain)
  • VARD Group AS (Norway)
  • KTH Vetenskap Och Konst - Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm (Sweden)
  • DNV - Det Norske Veritas (Norway)
  • Sjøfartsdirektoratet - Norwegian Maritime Authority (Norway)
  • ENIDH (Portugal)
  • All nuclear reactor projects known up to the end of 2022 were analyzed.
  • The results led to the selection of the following reactors:
  • Molten Salt Reactor (MSR) using TRISO fuel, designed by Kairos Power (USA);
  • Helium-cooled gas reactor using TRISO fuels, designed by Ultra Safe Nuclear Corporation
  • (USA);
  • Lead-cooled reactor, designed by Blykalla (Sweden).
By selecting these reactor prototypes and their intrinsic properties, it was concluded that a single nuclear reactor technology is not a solution for the entire maritime industry. The NuProShip II project explores this matter in greater depth.

Preliminary results indicate that the MSR (Molten Salt Reactor) will work best for large vessels using steam turbine installations. The helium-cooled reactor will work best for ships using an electric propulsion system. The lead-cooled reactor will work best in situations where the ship's load is more stable.

The project also studies the skills and qualifications the crew must possess, making the development of a proper education and training system an obviously complex task. This topic was developed under the responsibility of ENIDH. It should be noted that none of the reactor technologies selected in the project have been used at sea to date. The closest existing example is the lead-bismuth cooled reactor, which was used unsuccessfully by the Russian Navy. A very clear
conclusion is that remote monitoring/operation systems must be implemented in these types of ships. Nuclear-powered warships currently in operation have reactor operation crews that are too large for use on any type of merchant vessel, due to crew availability and, ultimately, costs. Therefore, remote monitoring/operations are seen as an essential measure to enable the operation of nuclearpowered merchant ships with lower costs.

As of 2025, the continuation of this project (NuProShip II) entered execution and is currently underway, with a scheduled completion date at the end of 2026, during which the previously described topics will continue to be developed.

Main Activities
  • Project launch meeting at DNV facilities, Oslo, January 4, 2023;
  • Organization of the International Conference on Nuclear Propulsion for Shipping, held on June 3 and 4, 2024;
  • Scientific publications.
Scientific Publications
  • Emblemsvåg, J., Ordoñez, C. H., Tamm, C. G., Strand, T., Thoresen, H., Ortigosa, J. S., Pérez, A., Colilles, Y. M., & Izquierdo, A. E. (2024, August 4–8). Criteria for selecting nuclear reactors for merchant shipping [Paper presentation]. ASME 2024 31st International Conference on Nuclear Engineering (ICONE31), Prague, Czech Republic. DOI: 10.1115/ICONE31-135177
  • Pareliussen, B., Baptista, L., Morland, E., Silva, S. R. e, Ovrum, E., & Bjørnevik, E. (2024, June 17–19). Regulatory and organizational challenges in implementing nuclear propulsion in deep-sea shipping [Paper presentation]. SIM'24 – 1st International Conference on Sustainable Initiatives in the Maritime Sector, Escola Superior Náutica Infante D. Henrique (ENIDH), Paço de Arcos, Portugal.




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